Appendix

Basic concepts through CAT service are presented below:

Concept	Description
Motivations	these represent the rationale for development of a set of principles, policy provisions, or objectives. The motivations can be thought of as a hierarchy, and it may well be that some motivations represent more than one higher-level node
Standards	Several of the case studies could be identified as largely contributing to standardisation of implementation.
Metrics	One of the case studies (FAIR Data Maturity) is the best representative of a collection of metrics (or indicators), each metric identifies benchmarks or standards whereby the measured value will be contextualised. Metrics point to tests that determine, as reproducibly as possible, a value to compare to the benchmark or standard. Note that tests can also be standardised - but these standards are distinct from ‘performance’ standards discussed above.
Tools	Several of the case studies represent tools that can be used to determine level of compliance or performance against a benchmark
Guidelines	Guidelines, recommendations, and best practices are provided by several of the case studies.